galileo :: essays research papers

Galileo GalileiGalileo was a mathematician transformed into an astronomer. He created the modern mash based on a primitive model that originated in Amsterdam. Galileo disproved Aristotles important principles of the universe, which had been excepted throughout the centuries as common knowledge. According to this theory, no change could of all time take place in the heavens, because everything in them was made of a better and unalterable substance called the quintessence. However, in October 1604, Galileo spotted a supernova and a fresh star was discovered and proved to be among the fixed stars, disproving Aristotles theories. Galileos telescopes were sanction by the Venetian senators to be copied and openly sold. However, Galileo was threatened when Venice disapproved of telescopes being inexpensively hawked on every street corner. He fled to Florence seeking protection below Cosimo de Medici. In Florence Galileo gained many allies on his sun-centered theory of the solar du st of the universe. Between 1616 and 1624, Galileo remained content to study without publishing his findings. Galileo grew bolder due to his failing visual perception and by 1632 Galileos ideas had become common knowledge in Italian streets. Many authorities considered Galileos findings as dangerously heretical and unmanageable notions. Under pressure from the church, Cosimo de Medici withdrew his protection, as did Pope Urban VIII, the former primordial Barberini, who allowed his Cardinal Inquisitor to threaten Galileo with torture in order to make a confession of heresy and recantation.To the dismay of his close followers, Galileo recanted on June 22, 1633. The word of honor was announced to his family and friends by the church bells of the Saint Marcus, followed by the town town criers reading of the text of the recantation. Feeling betrayed, his disciples turned away from him. thereafter until his death in 1642, Galileo remained a prisoner of the Inquisition, under house ar rest, and under the watchful eye of his daughter, Virginia. Secretly, he worked at night on his scientific opus, the Discorsi. He hid his papers inside a globe and was able to trounce his work to the outside world after Andrea visited him, asking of his health. After admitting that he had recanted from a fear of torture, Galileo gave the manuscript to Andrea, who in 1637 conveyed it across the Italian bourne on his way to Amsterdam, where it could be published and circulated without reprisal from the church.Galileos ideals came as a shock to the citizens of Italy and other nations.