MoveOn and the New Front of Grassroots Activism :: Essays Papers

MoveOn and the New Front of Grassroots Activism This election year, a new style of grassroots activism has risen up to a very punishing position. When the two owners of computer software company Berkeley Systems (made famous for the After Dark flying toaster screensaver and the popular game You Dont Know Jack) resolute to sell their company for $14 million dollars, they were unaware of what their future held. In 1998, during the impeachment of former President Bill Clinton, Wes Boyd and Joan Blades decided to put together a tilt of names in struggle to petition Congress to reprimand Clinton and then move on. When their list grew to more than 300,000 names within one month, they knew they had something big on their hands. Although their efforts concerning the Clinton impeachment failed, they were not rough to give up. They went on to protest the 2000 presidential election campaign, raise $2 million to air a television ad called infants Pay during the Super Bowl (whic h was denied by CBS due to its policy against issue advertisements), and then to go up against President George W. Bush concerning the war in Iraq. MoveOn is best known by its website (www.moveon.org), which has drawn millions of visitors since it was established. Though many Republicans and some Democrats protest MoveOns so-called extremist advertising, there is no doubt about it grassroots campaigning had a new face. With MoveOns overwhelming success, other smaller activist groups began springing up all over the Internet in effort to catch some of MoveOns success. The fact is many of them are doing just that. The Internet is slowly becoming the largest political campaign tool available. And with the ease of connecting with millions of people with the simple click of a button, the voices grassroots activists is more powerful than ever before. MoveOns next mission is by way of mass telephone calls, hoping to establish 800,000 people a day. MoveOn plans on be ginning these calls in late October. How is this possible? MoveOn has created a way in which volunteers (both old and new) dial a toll-free number, hit in their special identification number, hear a brief message concerning the strategy of their calls for that day, and then be instantly connected to an American somewhere.

Zora Neale Hurston Essay -- Zora Neale Hurston

On January 7, 1891, Zora Neale Hurston was born in the tiny town of Notasulga, Alabama. She was the fifth of ogdoad children in the Hurston household. Her father John was a carpenter, sharecropper, and a Baptist preacher and her mother Lucy, a former informteacher. Within a year of Zoras birth, the family moved to Eatonville, Florida a town, which held historical significance as the first, incorporated Black municipality in the United States. In 1904, thirteen-year-old Zora was devastated by the death of her mother. Later that same year, her unaffectionate father removed her from school and sent her to care for her brothers children. A rambunctious and restless teen advancer, Zora was eager to leave the responsibility of that household. She became a member of a traveling theater at the age of sixteen, and subsequently began domestic work for a white household. It was in this home that Hurstons intellectual spark was discovered. The woman for whom Zora worked, bought Zora her firs t book and arranged for her to attend luxuriously school at Morgan Academy (now known as Morgan State University) in Baltimore from which she graduated in June of 1918. The following summer, Zora held jobs as a waitress and a manicurist. She thusly enrolled in Howard Prep School, followed by a distracted jaunt at Howard University. Although she spent nearly four years at the esteemed institution, she graduated with only a two-year Associates degree. It was during this time at Howard, that Hurston published...

heart of darkness :: essays research papers

Heart of DarknessFor most of his young life, Joseph Conrad has had a burning desire to be a seaman and in 1874, when he is just sixteen years of age, his dream flexs a reality. In addition, he worked his way up through the ranks and piloted a merchant ship up the mighty congou tea River in central Africa. Later, it is the memory of this voyage that provides him with the first hand de bathrooms for writing his most celebrated novel HEART OF DARKNESS, and these memories spring to life as Marlow , the main character, replaces Conrad in the story. A feeling of darkness is everywhere and it causes the reader to feel surrounded by it. This motif causes the reader to see the darkness in his surroundings, to experience the dark deeds of man, and to recognize the darkness of mans mind.     HEART OF DARKNESS presents a story deep down a story, and at the beginning , we find Marlow, along with three friends, on board a small ship which is anchored near the mouth of the Thames River in London. When the strange narrator, uses words like gloom, black, and brooding repeatedly, it becomes evident that darkness is unfolding as a motif. The following example first gets the readers attention     "The air was dark supra Gravesend, and farther back     seemed condensed into a mournful gloom, brooding motionless      over the biggest, and the greatest , town on earth."While they wait for the tide to turn, the men become lost in their own thoughts until Marlow seizes the opportunity to tell his friends about his life as a seaman. He tells them of his fascination with Africa and how he longs to explore it. When he describes the Congo as " an immense snake uncoiled with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country, and its tail lost in the depths of the land" a sense of dark mystery is felt by the reader, and as he continues , all kinds of negative information confront him. He is next met with a tale of a man hanging himself because of the terrible heat.Then he experiences the painful stabbing of flies and the groans and misery of the throw and dying. Fifteen days later , he describes his arrival at Central Station as hobbling in to an area of back water bordered by smelly mud.

Foucault Panopticism Essay -- Panopticism Michel Focault Essays Papers

Panopticism by Michel FocaultWorks Cited Not IncludedOur society is not unrivalled of spectacle, but of surveillance under the surface of images, one invests bodies in depth behind the great abstraction of exchange, there continues the meticulous concrete upbringing of useful forces the circuits of converse are the supports of an accumulation and a centralization of knowledge the play of signs defines the anchorages of power it is not that the beautiful totality of the individual is amputated, repressed, altered by our social order, it is rather that the individual is carefully fabricated in it, according to a whole technique of forces and bodies. (pp.333-34)In the essay, Panopticism, by Michel Focault, he makes the argument that we conk in a society of surveillance. Meaning that our society is based on amalgamation of forces and bodies all of which act to create the individual. It is principally this surveillance which forms the behind of power that draws the individual to beli eve that the world he lives in is one that is continually watching over him. This constant friction of mental forces (those who fear or have a certain curiosity) shapes who the individual becomes within the society. According to this passage, Focault gives support to the basic argument concerning the panopticon, that communication is key to knowledge. Within the panopticon, there is no communication among the prisoners or those who view them. This becomes another aspect of power it underlies the main idea of separation and communication as a form of shaping forces in the panopticon.The prime(prenominal) phrase in the passage testifies to the basic structure of our society. The goal for our society is to procure for a small number, or even for a single individual, the fast view of a great multitude (333, Focault). The purpose of such a society is so that relations between the individual and the state can be better controlled. That the infinitely small of political power(331, Focaul t) who run the state can watch the many citizens. It must be acknowledged that to view to each one citizen is not simply to watch them, but to exercise the power that surveillance entails. And unlike the methods of judicial or administrative writing, what was registered was in this way were forms of behavior, attitudes, possibilities, suspicions a unchanging account of individuals behavio... ...pticon where in the center of every cell stands a guard. Whenever we walk into a store for purchasing purposes, we are always under observation. There is a circular glass piece on the top of the ceiling with a rotating camera looking down upon each of our movements. We think someone is watching us. How do we react to the surveillance? It is an act of societal conditioning and discipline. It has proven to be a form of behavior to give us a guilty aware or the simple fear of being caught. Our society is not one of spectacle, but of great surveillance it is rather that the individual is car efully fabricated in it, according to a whole technique of forces and bodies (pp.333-34). Foucaults argument may not be understood with his difficulty of writing, but with the examples and proof of such a mind-game that we live in our society today is a good way to understand his point of judgement. We live in a society that watches over ones movement to arbiter if their behavior or movement is wrong. We have many secret services in our world today that know much about us than we know ourselves. It is an ultimate fear, anxiety, and affliction that we live-out our lives everyday.

Individuation in J.D. Salinger’s Shoeless Joe and Shakespeare’s Hamlet

One could speculate that the human condition is that of fragmentation, a dichotomy of the many aspects of personality that make us who we are. C.G. Jung, the kick d givestairs of analytical psychology formulated a school of thought called junginism to explain this state of disunity. One theory from the Jungianism school of thought is the process of individualization. The process of individuation refers to the course in which an individual unifies and integrates all aspects of his/her personality. Individuation is clear in both the character Ray Kinsella from J.D. Salingers Shoeless Joe and the character Hamlet, from Shakespeares The disaster of Hamlet the Prince of Denmark. Unlike Ray Kinsella, Hamlet was not able to reach individuation because of his sad depression and the dichotomy of his archetypes. Firstly, Hamlets process of individuation is stunted because of his melancholic depression. Throughout the play there are several moments where the reader becomes aware of the harm ful nature of Hamlets melancholic depression has on his process of individuation. One of the nearly famous soliloquies in history too be or not too be perfectly illustrates how Hamlets melancholic depression is to the mischief of his process of individuation. The first portion of the speech is Hamlet contemplating suicide, only to be dissuaded by the fact that it is a sin to end ones own life To be, or not to be? That is the questionWhether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And, by opposing, end them? To dieay, theres the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come Hamlet is essentially contemplating the morality of suicide, but is worried that h... ...s obstruct him for most of the play. Fortinbra like Hamlet is intent on avenging his father, but he is able to integrate all of his archetypes as part of his psyche, and does not lose his articulate of reason in the pursuit of violenc e.Works CitedMaslow, A. H. A Theory of Human Motivation. 1943. http//psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm.Steel, Piers Ph.D. The Science Of Procrastination. n.d. .1916, English, Book Edition Collected Papers on Analytical psychological science / by C. G. Jung Authorised Translation Ed. by Dr. Constance E. Long. Jung, C. G. (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961. Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology / by C. G. Jung Authorised Translation Ed. by Dr. Constance E. Long. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Dec. 2013.

Individuation in J.D. Salinger’s Shoeless Joe and Shakespeare’s Hamlet

ace could speculate that the human condition is that of fragmentation, a dichotomy of the many aspects of personality that make us who we are. C.G. Jung, the founder of analytical psychology formulated a school of thought called junginism to explain this state of disunity. One theory from the Jungianism school of thought is the plow of individuation. The process of individuation refers to the course in which an individual unifies and integrates all aspects of his/her personality. Individuation is clear in both the character Ray Kinsella from J.D. Salingers Shoeless Joe and the character Hamlet, from Shakespeares The Tragedy of Hamlet the Prince of Denmark. Unlike Ray Kinsella, Hamlet was not able to reach individuation because of his melancholic mental picture and the dichotomy of his archetypes. Firstly, Hamlets process of individuation is weedy because of his melancholic depression. Throughout the play there are several moments where the reader becomes aware of the harmful na ture of Hamlets melancholic depression has on his process of individuation. One of the most famous soliloquies in history too be or not too be perfectly illustrates how Hamlets melancholic depression is to the detriment of his process of individuation. The first portion of the speech is Hamlet contemplating suicide, only to be dissuaded by the fact that it is a sin to end ones own life To be, or not to be? That is the questionWhether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a ocean of troubles, And, by opposing, end them? To dieay, theres the rub, For in that sleep of death what dreams may come Hamlet is essentially contemplating the morality of suicide, but is hard-pressed that h... ...s hinder him for most of the play. Fortinbra like Hamlet is intent on avenging his father, but he is able to integrate all of his archetypes as part of his psyche, and does not drop his voice of reason in the pursuit of violence.Works C itedMaslow, A. H. A Theory of Human Motivation. 1943. http//psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm.Steel, Piers Ph.D. The Science Of Procrastination. n.d. .1916, English, Book Edition Collected Papers on uninflected Psychology / by C. G. Jung Authorised Translation Ed. by Dr. Constance E. Long. Jung, C. G. (Carl Gustav), 1875-1961. Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology / by C. G. Jung Authorised Translation Ed. by Dr. Constance E. Long. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Dec. 2013.

Case Essay

Telefonica de Espana. Does your analysis lead to the same conclusions as Telefonicas passenger cars? The standard explains SWOT as an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths Telefonica is a monopoly at this time because it is state owned and this is a major strength for them. The fact that Spains culture and language is similar to the market in South America is a major advantage as well.Weaknesses According to the textbook the prices associated with Telefonicas service was high. Competitors were looking to exploit this by offering cheaper service with better technology. Companies who could lower their profit margin are a major concern for Telefonica. Opportunities The deregulation of telecommunications in South America (with the cultural similarities as I mentioned before) seemed to be the perfect opportunity to enter this market and be successful.Threats Due to the many complaints from their customers Telefonica faces many threats from competitor s in this new market. there is a chance that they may not survive in this market if they do not provide better service and technology. 2. How would you characterize the corporate schema adopted by Telefonica? 3. Minority investors in Telefonicas South American subsidiaries are unhappy with the parent corporation. Suppose you are a senior manager at the parent corporation.How would you handle the problem with the minority investors? What would you recommend to the CEO should be done about the minority investors? 4. The Latin American telecommunications market is exploitation much faster (12. 6 percent in 2007) than that of Spain or Europe, both of which grew at a 4. 9 percent rate in 2007. Should Telefonica have move to focus on the Latin American market, rather than acquire O2 and Cseky? What about its purchase of a minority position in China Netcom?

Understanding Social Perception & Managing Diversity

Understanding Social Perception & manhoodaging Diversity Perception shadower and is influenced by a number of various things whether from the things that is read, seen on television, or simply from what we retain from family and friends. The way that cognition is interpreted determines how we perceive people or our surrounding. Steve Harvey film and book Act same(p) a Lady Think like a public elaborates on how the perception between genders, as well as the diversity that distinguishes the communication barriers between work force and women and helps to break dget that barrier.In the text Organizational Dynamics and Human Behavior (second edition) major comp unrivalednt of social perception and the Kelleys Model of Attribution ar reflected in Act like a Lady Think like a Man and give be elaborated on how it both relates through come in our discussion. Act like a Lady Think like a Man shines light on how men and women perception of the opposite gender is on the whole diffe rent. A woman may view all men in a negative light based off of one negative out come and a man will put every woman in the same category based off of what a woman requires. With twain genders categorizing each other the text refers to this as stereotyping.Stereotyping occurs when individuals argon placed into categories. For example Act like a Lady Think like a Man placed men in to the different categories Mommas Boy which is a man who has yet to let go of his mother and tend to his woman, therefore there is the non committer who is a man who is not willing to go to the next phase which is marriage, the escapist who will not just focus on accomplishing one task at a time but doesnt seem to know what and how to implement his plan, and then there is the player who just simply will not commit to anyone due to the desire and challenge in playing the game.Act like a Lady Think like a Man is a guide for women to understand how to perceive men. Steve Harvey has simplified by encoding th e mannishs perception of a pistillates, which means he has created a mental representation on how the male mind works (kinicki, 2009, p. 64). In Act like a Lady Think like a Man Lauren was a successful young female CEO of a Major company who wanted a man who is on her level or higher which she believed would raise them more compatible in a relationship.Lauren knew what she wanted in a man and received it all but soon came to realize that her dream guy wasnt what she needed. She met a dreamer Dominic who made her happy with the little things that cause her to reflect back on the different occurrences and circumstances with friends how much this individual made her happy even though he did not possess the required traits she looked for initially. Event memory is containing selective information for specific events and general events, as well as personal memory which contains information of a single individual or group ((kinicki, 2009, pg. 6). Lauren had to make a judgment call on what she wanted. Was it going to be her happiness with a gentlemen that had likely to be what she wanted or was she going to sacrifice her happiness for spot. This was the retrieval process that is retrieved from the memory to make a decision. When a man approaches you youre the one with rack up function over the situation-whether he can talk to you, buy you a drink, dance with you, get your number, take you home, see you again, all of that.The woman is in control from the start. For the non committer he doesnt feel the necessary urge to go to the next phase because the woman does not require it of him, by giving him the perception that you are content in with the current status. This relates to managerial implication through both a performance appraisal and the leadership aspect. Performance appraisal determines good versus poor people performance through motivation and commitment and loyalty.Act like a Lady Think like a Man, Kristin realized that her boyfriend the non committ er of nine years wasnt willing to go to the next phase of their lives because she didnt require anything from him so he displayed no willingness to want more. Leadership is when you lead by example. Kristin then began to make changes by encouraging him to want to apply for a better job and by just simply change the milieu of their home through redecorating.Act like a Lady Think like a Man indicated that a woman can find all kinds of deficiencies in themselves-I didnt do this right, I wasnt good enough, I didnt love him the way I should, she came in here and outperformed me (Harvey). Women need to reframe from placing the blame of the mans actions on themselves. By holding on to that weight can be hindering for future encounters. Steve Harvey said, You simply cannot drive forward if youre focused on whats happening in the rearview mirror. Causal attributions is constantly formulating cause and affect explanations for our own and others behavior (kinicki, 2009, pg. 8). Kelleys Model of Attributions proposes that behavior can be attributed either to internal factors within a person or external factors within the environment (kinicki, 2009, pg. 69). Consensus involves a caparison of an individuals behavior with that of his or her peers. In Act like a Lady Think like a Man the men were easily influenced by what the others were doing or would say about them. The men would go to play basketball every Thursday and out for a shadow cap afterwards if one were to attempt to stray from the usual the group would instantly began to place judgment instead of being excepting of prior plans.External factors are behaviors caused by environmental characteristics. Men are more concerned on how their surrounding perceives them and their status. Women want their love to be reciprocated in the same way they give it where as men will reciprocate their love only to the one that feel is deserving of their love. A man is not just going to provide and share his love with just anyone h e has to know that you are the one. Women should call that a man will pay for your dinner, movie, and more in exchange for her time.Men view women who expect this type of treatment as a gold digger, which is someone who is just after the contender with the most. Diversity represents the multitude of individuals differences and similarities that exist amongst people. In Act like a Woman Think like a Man diversity is reflected in the way that men and women carry themselves, communication styles, and perception of one another. In conclusion Act like a Woman Think like a Man relates to diversity and perception between genders.Diversity sidle up how different the thought patterns are but all how it is similar also. Although men are not as open and expressive as women we are all looking for the same things from each other. The perception on how the information is process is totally different but thats what makes a relationship or geological formation success is the differences. Act lik e a Woman Think like a Man helps to understand diversity and perception from a relationship status and through a males point of view on where women need help on understanding the male species.Just like an organization has standards and employees honor them women should have standards also. Men respect standards get some, Steve Harvey (Harvey).References Kinicki, A. and Kreitner. R. (2009). Organizational dynamics and human behavior. (Second ed. , pp. 64-70). in the raw York McGraw Hill. Harvey, S. (2009). Act like a lady, think like a man. New York HarperCollins Publishers. Harvey, S. (n. d. ). Goodreads. Retrieved from www. goodreads. com/author/quotes/206062. Steve_Harvey Story, T. (Director) (2012). Think like a man Theater. (Story, 2012)

Old Money vs. New Money

Scott Fitzgerald novel The Great Gatsby. By including this aspect in the boo k, Fitzgerald purpose is to reveal the two faces Of corruption in America with the novel s geography and its fibres. The withstands geography represents the dichotomy of corruption through its pee pole. Two regions of Long Island, East Egg and West Egg, make up the consideration of the novo el. These separate entities reveal the corrupt nature of old wealth versus new wealth, and con firm the formers distaste of the latter.When Gatsby invites the narrator, Nick, to one of his extra vagrant parties, Nick notices upon original observations that those in the party from East Egg ass med to themselves the function of representing the staid nobility of the countryside East Egg condescending to West Egg, and carefully on champion against its spectroscopic g tatty (Fitzgerald 49). Since the residents of West Egg confuse unlaundered wealth, those in East Egg of more established wealth look down upon them as pos sessing a lower social status. However, both groups are equally corrupt.Despite people of old currency condescending the blatant kinds of corruption demonstrated by those with new money, they themselves Indus GE gently and Benson 2 discreetly in bribery, blackmail, and manipulation to maintain and consoled et their power (Miller 81). Through Fitzgerald depiction of these mutually corrupt groups, h e makes the parallel between the unsuccessful corruption of West and East Egg and the Unit deed States blindness to this fact. In addition, the characters residence in the setting directly relate to their set o f values.For example, both Nick Caraway and Jay Gatsby (who live in West Egg) strong lay desire the acquisition of wealth. Nick is a stock broker, and Gatsby gains money by apart captivating in every sort of illegal mischief, some of which is so dangerous that people are afraid t o talk about it (Foster 146). These characters represent the people in America who were new lay rich a nd achieved success through their strong desire for money. In contrast, character RSI such as Tom and Daisy Buchanan (from East Egg) represent the values of those with establishes d wealth In their selfishness they lack compassion for others.When Gatsby dies at the end oft he book, the only . Are his father, Nick, a postman, a handful of servants, and the o mourners welled man who at the first party had admired the library (Foster 141). But Tom and Daisy choc SSE to add Long Island behind rather than attend his funeral. Although it is unlikely that Tom loud go to his rivals funeral navy, he also lacks a series of virtues .. . In the America of w which he is paradigmatic, such as vitality, efficiency, loyalty, and the necessity of a realize able dream (Lena 40).Even though people in East Egg do not have the strong desire for wealth lie eke those in West Egg, they exhibit a different face of corruption that is no less immoral. By handsome g these traits to his characters, Fitzgerald depicts Americas people as either greedy for wealth or lacking in common values. Benson 3 The geography and characters portrayed in the book reveal Fitzgerald depict ion off irrupt America through the concept of old wealth and new wealth. Throw ugh the books geography, the author represents the separation of these groups in a clear w ay and describes the rivalry between them.

Letter of Complaint

I ordered a giant displacement bear from your company and the bear has not arrived on period. I have been ordering giant teddy bears from your company for over four years and never had a problem with shipping. I could have travelled down the road to Sams Club and bought a much cheaper giant teddy bear instead of selecting one off of your website.Your companys failure to deliver the giant teddy bear to be sent to my niece before December 24, 2011 is extremely important because my niece has cancer and this will be her last Christmas, I spent extra cash on shipping, and I was told a certain time the gift would arrive and it was not received on those days. My niece, Chelsea, has a brain tumor and this Christmas will be her last, I was very much so hoping that her giant brown teddy bear would arrive either before Christmas or on Christmas.Chelsea is going to be very saddened at the sight when she wakes up on Christmas and does not see her giant teddy bear underneath the Christmas tree. A little girl whom is expiry soon deserves a teddy bear from her aunt on Christmas and should get her gift on time. I also spent ten extra dollars on shipping and my gift has not arrived on time. I have wasted ten dollars that could have been used to buy my niece another gift, for example a pinafore but instead used on shipping that was delayed.I should be entitled to a refund on shipping and at least litre dollars off the teddy bear for being received late after Christmas. I was told 10 to 15 days that my gift would be delivered and I had hardened my order approximately a month ago and still have not seen my nieces giant teddy bear. Your companys website has lied to me and possibly many other individuals and this false information should be fixed immediately. The result of the package not being delivered on time is that my favorite niece will not obtain her giant teddy bear on Christmas.Ordering a giant teddy bear from your companys website failed to be delivered on time has e ffected my niece and also myself. Due to the package being failed to be delivered in the accurate time interval, I should be given fifty dollars back from the barter for of the giant teddy bear and a refund on the shipping and handling. I have always been a loyal customer of your company for I have bought many items off of your website and never had trouble with the shipping or purchasing of the giant bears.

Family Problems

Many Family conditions atomic number 18 seen as figures that increase the likeliness of poverty. Regarding attempt factors, Tom Luster and Harriett McAdoo of Michigan secernate University summed up the findings of 17 eminent researchers in the field in 1994 by noting Over the past 15 years, research on diverse samples of children has shown that children who are unresolved to several risk factors simultaneously tend to experience learning or behavioral problems. a pathetic families are much promising to have duple risk factors.Jean Brooks-Gunn of Teachers College at Columbia University and her colleagues estimated that in 1995, only 2 percent of poor families had no risk factors, while 35 percent experient six or more. By contrast, among families that were not poor, 19 percent experienced no risk factors and 5 percent experienced six or more risk factors. b Many of these risks are measures of conditions linked to broken families. The instrument used most wide in social scie nce research to judge risk factors is the property measurement, used in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY).The factors in the HOME scale below can be shown to be associated with the presence or absence of marriage and with Family structure, as noted within the parentheses. References cited in the footnotes for each factor are studies that illustrate the correlation between the risk and Family structure. The HOME assessment factors are * subaltern birth weight (most overriding in out-of-wedlock births). c * Low neonatal health index score (most prevalent in out-of-wedlock births). c * Unemployment of the household head (least likely in a two-parent Family). * Mother has less than a high school education (less likely if parents are married). e * Mother has a verbal comprehension score below the 25th percentile (associated potently with educational level, which is linked extensively to her parents Family structure).f * exalted maternal depression score (less likely if married). g * More than three stressful life events (less likely if married). h * Teenagers at time of childs birth (most flimsy to marry). f * Low social support network (less likely if married and have married parents). i * Father absent at time of interview. Child-to-adult balance is greater than 21 (50 percent less likely if married, since marriage doubles the number of adults). * simple categorical view of child development. * Of ethnic minorityb (two married parents are less likely in African-American and Hispanic households). j Rather than being changeless conditions, many of these risk factors are the result of undivided choices, particularly regarding marriage. Restoring marriage among the poor would create home environments that are more likely to reduce these factors significantly. precisely this will require a coordinated trial by the public, private, and parochial sectors of society. aTom Luster and Harriette Pipes McAdoo, Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young African American Children, Child Development, Vol. 65, No. 4 (April 1994), pp. 1080-1094. bJean Brooks-Gunn, Pamel Kato Klevbanov, and Fron-ruey Liaw, Learning, Physical and horny Environment of the Home in the Context of poverty The Infant Health and Development Program, Children& Youth work Review, Vol. 17, (1995), pp. 251-276.Family ProblemsMany Family conditions are seen as factors that increase the likelihood of poverty. Regarding risk factors, Tom Luster and Harriett McAdoo of Michigan State University summed up the findings of 17 eminent researchers in the field in 1994 by noting Over the past 15 years, research on diverse samples of children has shown that children who are exposed to several risk factors simultaneously tend to experience learning or behavioral problems. a Poor families are more likely to have multiple risk factors.Jean Brooks-Gunn of Teachers College at Columbia University and her colleagues estimated that in 1995, only 2 percent of po or families had no risk factors, while 35 percent experienced six or more. By contrast, among families that were not poor, 19 percent experienced no risk factors and 5 percent experienced six or more risk factors. b Many of these risks are measures of conditions linked to broken families. The instrument used most widely in social science research to assess risk factors is the HOME measurement, used in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY).The factors in the HOME scale below can be shown to be associated with the presence or absence of marriage and with Family structure, as noted within the parentheses. References cited in the footnotes for each factor are studies that illustrate the correlation between the risk and Family structure. The HOME assessment factors are * Low birth weight (most prevalent in out-of-wedlock births). c * Low neonatal health index score (most prevalent in out-of-wedlock births). c * Unemployment of the household head (least likely in a two-parent F amily). * Mother has less than a high school education (less likely if parents are married). e * Mother has a verbal comprehension score below the 25th percentile (associated strongly with educational level, which is linked extensively to her parents Family structure).f * High maternal depression score (less likely if married). g * More than three stressful life events (less likely if married). h * Teenagers at time of childs birth (most unlikely to marry). f * Low social support network (less likely if married and have married parents). i * Father absent at time of interview. Child-to-adult ratio is greater than 21 (50 percent less likely if married, since marriage doubles the number of adults). * Simplistic categorical view of child development. * Of ethnic minorityb (two married parents are less likely in African-American and Hispanic households). j Rather than being immutable conditions, many of these risk factors are the result of individual choices, particularly regarding marr iage. Restoring marriage among the poor would create home environments that are more likely to reduce these factors significantly.But this will require a coordinated effort by the public, private, and parochial sectors of society. aTom Luster and Harriette Pipes McAdoo, Factors Related to the Achievement and Adjustment of Young African American Children, Child Development, Vol. 65, No. 4 (April 1994), pp. 1080-1094. bJean Brooks-Gunn, Pamel Kato Klevbanov, and Fron-ruey Liaw, Learning, Physical and Emotional Environment of the Home in the Context of poverty The Infant Health and Development Program, Children& Youth Services Review, Vol. 17, (1995), pp. 251-276.

Culture: Sindhi People

JINNAH UNIVERSITY FOR WOMEN DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION ASSIGNMENT ON SINDHI CULTURE AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA COURSE epithet INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE CODE 4161/603 SUBMISSION DATE28-02-2013 SUBMITTED TO MISS TOOBA ZAHEER SHAIKH SUBMITTED BY HIRA KHAN ANUM NAEEM ANUM AKHTER HUMA TARIQ SHUMAILA AMJAD RIMSHA JAWAID MINAL MOHSIN TABLE OF CONTENT Cultural traits of Sindh3 Clothing3 Autaaq3 Language and its uses 4 liberal arts and Crafts4 Sindhi cuisine6 Lifestyle8 Sufism in music8 Music8 Dance9 Festivals of Sindh 9 Marriages rites9Funeral10 Cultural day10 Projection of Sindhi kitchen-gardening in television programmes11 Dramas11 Morning shows12 Talk shows and news show ducts 13 Cooking shows13 Songs13 Advertisements14 Pakistani Sindhi TV channels 14 Projection16 References17 CULTURAL TRAITS OD SINDH CLOTHING * Sindhi trim backes Shalwarkameez, Dupatta, Sherwani, Achkan, and Karakul (hat) one of the most familiar sights in Pakistan, is that traditionally, Pakistani me n fag out ShalwarKameez. They come in many different styles, fabrics, colors and patterns that make them look really stylish.Pakistani women as come up as wear Shalwarkameez no matter what province they argon from. However, many women from the Sindh province wear ghagra varying from different styles and colors. Pakistani women wear an elaborate and heavily embroidered dress haven as gharara on their wedding days. The Sherwani or Achkan with Karakuli hat is the national dress of Pakistan for men, as it is non specifically associated with any of the provinces. Most government ordaineds wear the formal black Sherwani on state crossroadss. AUTAAQ Otaq is mardana (drawing room) in Sindh.As far as, , the word use in outside Sindhi origin. The man daily sits there and does gossips called punchait and jirga, and solve problems there. LANGUAGE Sindhi language evolved over a period of 2400 years. The language of the lot of Sindh, after approaching in contact with the Aryan, became I ndo-Aryan (Prakrit). Sindhi language, therefore, has a solid base of Prakrit as well as Sanskrit, the language of India, with vocabulary from Arabic, Persian, and some Dravidian descendants from Mediterranean sub-continent.Initially, Sindhi had last contacts with Arabic- speaking Islamics. Therefore the language adopted many of the Arabic manner of speaking. There argon 52 alphabets in sindhi language. Sindhi language is an ancient language spoken in Pakistan and many other parts of the world. It is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 41 million sight in Pakistan, and 12 million people in India it is the second most spoken language of Pakistan, mostly spoken in the Sindh province. It is a recognized official language in Pakistan, and as well an official language in India.Government of Pakistan issues National Identity Cards to its citizens only(prenominal) in two languages Sindhi and Urdu. Sindhi language is excessively gravidly solved by Sanskrit and about 70% of the words in Sindhi are of Sanskrit origin. Sindhi is a very rich language with a vast vocabulary this has made it a favorite of many writers and so a lot of literature and poetry has been written in Sindhi. It has been the inspiration for Sindhi art, music, literature, tillage and the way of life. The language can be written using the Devanagri or Arabic scrip. Uses of SindhiIt is use in conversations, as well as, government, education, media, and literacy. Sindhi is spoken by a transformation of spiritual groups including Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Sikhs in 19 southeasterneast Pakistan. Sindhi is taught as a first language in all levels of school. Most Hindus speak Sindhi as a second language the majority of Sindhi speakers in India are women and older adults. ARTS AND CRAFTS The traditions of Sindhi craft fly the coop reflect the cumulative influence of 5000 years of invaders and settlers, whose various modes of art were eventually assimilated into the culture.The ele gant floral and geometrical designs that decorate anyday objectswhether of clay, metal, wood, stone or fabric can be traced to Muslim influence. Though chiefly an agriethnical and pastoral province, Sindh has a reputation for ajraks, pottery, leatherwork, carpets, textiles, and silk cloths which, in design and finish, are matchless. The chief articles produced are blankets, coarse cotton cloth (soosi), camel fittings, metalwork, and lacquered work, and enamel, grand and silver embroidery.Hala is renowned for pottery and tiles Boobak for carpets Nasirpur, Gambat and Thatta for cotton lungees and khes. Other popular crafts include the earthenware of Johi, the metal vessels of Shikarpur, the ralli quilt, embroidery and leather articles of Tharparkar, and the lacquered work of Kandhkot. Prehistoric finds from archaeological sites like Mohenjo-daro, engravings in various graveyards, and the architectural designs of Makli and other tombs have leaved ample evidence of the peoples liter ary and musical traditions. Modern painting and calligraphy have excessively developed in recent times.Some young trained men have taken up commercial art. Mirror work is also highlighted through Sindhi culture which is called GAJJ and aplic work and it is also very popular nowadays. Sindh has a rich hereditary pattern of traditional handicraft that has evolved over the centuries. Perhaps the most professed exposition of Sindhi culture is in the handicrafts of Hala, a townsfolk some 30 kilometers from Hyderabad. Halas artisans manufacture high-quality and impressively p sieved wooden handicrafts, textiles, paintings, handmade paper products, and blue pottery.Lacquered wood works known as Jandi, painting on wood, tiles, and pottery known as Kashi, hand woven textiles including khadi, susi, and ajraks are synonymous with Sindhi culture preserved in Halas handicrafts. SINDHI CUISINE Sindhi cuisine refers to the cuisine of the Sindhi people. The daily food in most Sindhi households c onsists of wheat based flat bread (phulka) and rice accompanied by two dishes, one, roar and one dry. Sindhi food is eventized by deep heat and some of the popular Sindhi dishes are Sindhi Curry, Sai Bhaji, Seyal Machi etc. Food is very important in Sindhi culture.A lot of attention is given to how the food is prepared and what combinations of dishes are best. over the years these combinations have become found and today when one mentions the combination, for example Saibhaji Pulao, all the side dishes that go with it automatically come to mind. In this instance, fried potatoes or fried bhindi, dahi. Dodo chutney Millet-flour kneaded with spices cooked unleavened on a skillet and eaten with garlic-based mint chutney. SeyalPallo Sea-bass cooked in a base of onions and tomatoes, eaten with chapati. Very few people know how to cook it to perfection.As this fish is rich in cover the secret of how much oil to put in the cooking of the gravy becomes important. Also, there is no g ravy as such, but a well cooked and blended base. SeyalDabroti Bread or chapati cooked in a base of coriander, garlic and tomatoes. This is a break troubled food. The resembling can be cooked in onions and tomato as well. SeeroPuri some other breakfast, Seero is semolina cooked in butter or oil, fried on a slow fire money box it turns light, golden brown, the aroma filling the house. Then, proportions of water and sugar are added, just enough to cook and sweeten the seero.Eaten with fried puri, it is as close to heaven as one can get. That is why perhaps seero is also served as an offering in temples. Loli and yoghurt or Loli and Indian milk tea made with cardamom, this is dull unleavened bread cooked on the skillet. The wheat dough is kneaded with onions, hot green pepper, and garlic and coriander/cilantro leaves, all finely chopped. Along with brininess and oil the flour is kneaded slowly into fairly stiff dough. Then rolled out to one eighth inch thickness and cooked on the skillet on a low flame.When the loli is half done, a little oil is added to make it crisp. Lolo is the sweet version of loli. In this wheat dough only a little salt is added, but a proportion of sugar syrup is added and the flour is kneaded with ghee or butter. Then cooked on the skillet slowly, Lolos are almost a quarter or more inches thick. MalpuraChurhi? dal. Malpuras are a kind of deep fried pancakes. Milk or yoghurt, black pepper corns and sugar are added to white flour and a thick batter is made. A circular pancake is then dropped into a flat frying pan which should contain about half an inch of oil to fry in.This sweet bread is eaten with boiled color mung dal in which only salt, a drop or so of oil and turmeric is added. MeethiAloo. Garlic, hot chili peppers and fresh or dry fennel leaves combine to transform the simple potato into a curry which can be eaten with chapati, puri, rice or regular bread. MutturPaneer can be made in different gravies, the chief ingredients are the peas and homemade cottage cheese. Thaynri is sweet rice, usually made on special occasions. Kheerni Thickened (by boiling) milk with Cardamoms, Saffron and a number of rich mild spices. LIFESTYLEPeople of Sindh are more inclined towards an agricultural based lifestyle. The fertile Indus Plains provide a valuable source of income for the local people who practice farming on these lands. Inland fishing is also practiced along the Indus River in fastness Sind providing further opportunities for local people. Nomadic way of lifestyle is commonly seen in the deserted regions of Thar where people move from place to place in search for potable water sources along with their animals. SUFISM IN MUSIC Sindhi society is dominated by great Sufis, the mystics and the martyrs.It has always been the land of peace, love, romance, and great cultural and artistic values. There were the great theologians of the Naqshbandi order in Thatta who translated the fundamentals of the religion of Islam into their mother tongue. There were the great Sufi (mystic) poets like Shah Abdul LatifBhitai who was the cherisher of truth and spent all his life in its propagation, sideline and quest. Bhitai was also an excellent musician. He invented a new type of musical instrument, Tambura (drone instrument), which till today, is a primary source of music in rural Sindh.The dish of Shahs verses is enhanced by his blending of traditional Indian rag with the Sindhi folk songs and music. MUSIC * Lada Lada songs are sung onward the actual weddings, the very lilt of which suggests reckless abandon and gaiety that mark a wedding. Sindhi are very famous for showmanship, and on the occasion of the marriage of the son, they will not hesitate to spend thousands of rupees only on decorations, music dance and photographs, movie and on video shootings, They call a Lada party of famous singers and enjoy the music one day before the marriage and even on Janiya (Thread ceremony) etc.The famous Laado SONU BAJUBAND, LADO PANHIJEE KUNWAR LAI AANEDO AND DHIKH JE RAAT LADE MUNDIYOON GHARAYOON, MOOML MANA NA KAR MARUN SA, ALLA SON JO RUPAYA etc. Many other Ladas are so famous among the Sindhi that on the occasion of the marriage, specially ladies and relatives are invited on Lada ceremony where they offer the GHOR of rupees on the bride-groom whose marriage is to be performed. DANCE * CHHEJ Chhej is performed only by men. It is somewhat similar to DoklaRas of Kathiawar, but advantageously more intricate in pattern & steps and rhythmic beats. The instruments use are the SHARNAI and the DUDUL i. e. Shehnai and the drum.Another dance which is performed only by men is DHAMAL, performed by Fakirs and disciples of a particular(prenominal) shrine at the time when the flag of the shrine goes up. This is a dance which is characterized by a sort of religious frenzy and has, therefore, a very fast tempo. Nagharo (a big drum) instrument provides both the rhythmic beat and the tempo for the Dhamal. FESTIVALS OF SINDH The people of Sind love their religion and the two festivals of Eid-ul-Adha and Eid-ul-Fitr are observed with zeal and enthusiasm. diverse internal festivals are arranged by the local people to provide people with new things they buy on Eids occasion.On different occasions, the Folk dance of Bhagat is also performed by professionals to entertain the visiting people. Hence, a Sindhi Cultural Festival is a compound of folk dances, music and entertainment for local people. Marriages rituals There are some(prenominal) martial rituals in Sindh. These rituals are described as follows WANWAAH In this ritual the bride is made to sit seven days in veil corrosion yellow dress. A divagate is tied on the palm of the bride in which some sort of grain is placed and it is hanged on the hand of the bride. The rite of applying Henna on the grooms palm and feet.Wearing traditional dress that is white cotton, Ajrak, Sindhi pith helmet. The Sindhi women used to wear sedate j ewelry calledDURRI which is a necklace of seven strides. DAAWAIN it is a martial ritual in which the sister in law tied a thread on groom from his finger of feet to the finger of his hand and receives some cash for this ritual. Another social value is to touch the feet of elders and old people to honor them this ritual is commonly followed by every Sindhi. LAOON It is a martial ritual in which the chieftain of the bride and groom are hit together. Funeral Rituals After death the dead body is covered by Sindhi Ajrak.Sindhi Cultural Day (Ekta Day) Sindhi celebrate Sindh Cultural day planetary every year during the month of December by wearing Ajrak&Sindhi Topi on that occasion. The musical programs and rallies are held in many cities to mark the day with zeal. major hallmarks of cities and towns are decorated with Sindhi Ajrak to highlight the cultural values of Sindh. The people across Sindh exchange gifts of Ajrak and Topi at various ceremonies. Even, the children and women are d ressed up in Ajrak, assembling at the grand gathering, where famous Sindhi singers sing Sindhi songs, which depicts love and progress of Sindh.The musical performances of the artists compel the participants to dance on Sindhi tunes and Jeay Sindh Jeay-Sindh Wara Jean. All Political, social and religious organizations of Sindh, also the Sindh culture department and administrations of various schools, colleges and universities, organize variety of events including seminars, debates, folk music programmes, gambol and theatrics performances, tableau and literary sittings to mark this annual festivity. Sindhi culture, history and heritage are highlighted at the events.Ekta (Unity) day is observed to display solidarity among the Sindhi-speaking masses, the event is celebrated not only in Karachi, but throughout Sindh. The provinces culture and unity day was celebrated for the first time on December 6, 2009 (as the Sindhi Topi Day) as a backlash to the comments of anchorman DrShahidMasoo d who had criticised President Asif Ali Zardari for wearing a Sindhi cap on his foreign tours. People across the Sindh province condemned Masoods comments via SMS, which ultimately resulted in the announcement of celebrating the Sindhi Topi Day.FEUDALISM IN SINDH The feudal archetype in Pakistan consists of landlords with large joint families possessing hundreds or even thousands of acres of land. They seldom make any direct contribution to agricultural production. Instead, all work is done by peasants or tenants who live at subsistence level. In Pakistans remote areas of Sind and Baluchistan province, one periodically runs into vast estates sometimes even operates a tete-a-tete prison in which enemies are placed, and sometimes makes local people dependent through debt bondage, generation after generation. The landlord, by virtue of his ownership and control of such vast amounts of land and world resources, is powerful enough to influence the distribution of water, fertilizers, tr actor permits and agricultural credit and, consequently exercises considerable influence over the revenue, police and judicial administration of the area. But this is not the scene all over the Pakistan. Most urban Sind there no longer exists the agricultural feudal as harsh as it is described in the earlier lines this situation only exists in rural Sindh. PROJECTION OF SINDHI CULTURE ON TELEVISION PROGRAMMESDRAMAS A telefilm is broadcasted on the channel HUM TV named as SACHAL AUR SABRINA. The name of the telefilm is also reflecting that it is a Sindhi drama, because these names are commonly used in Sindh. The Sindhi cultural traits which are highlighted in this drama is the usage of Sindhi language by the cast of the drama, dresses in this drama are usually TOPI, AJRAK, womenwearing aplicand mirror work dresses and covered their heads. This drama also focuses on highlighting social values of Sindhi culture that is to touch the feet of the elders and old people to honor them.The dr ama also stress towards the marriage rituals of Sindhi culture like using JHULA for the sitting of bride and groom, bride and other women prone heavy jewelry like DURRI a heavy necklace and the traditions of full white color bangles, the rite of applying Henna on the grooms palm and feet, a thread is tied on the palm of the bride in which some sort of grain is placed and it is hanged on the hand of the bride, the sister in law tied a thread on groom from his finger of feet to the finger of his hand and receives some cash for this ritual it is called DAAWAN and the head of the bride and groom are hit together which is called LAOON.The drama is totally based on the culture of Sindh. Another drama is also broadcasted on ARY DIGITAL named as MERA SAEEN, SAEEN is basically a Sindhi word usually used to respect their feudal lords. Feudalism is very much common in lower Sindh and now it is becoming the part of Sindhi culture. The tagline of the drama is Evil Never sincerely Dies It Is Sim ply Born Again. This drama reflects the concept of feudal lords and their worships and story revolves around the power or authority and the control of the political party. HATHE GULA MEHANDI Sindhi culture has been shown in this drama, Sindhi marriages and customs has also shown.First put the ubtan on bride by her in laws. Both the groom and bride offers nafil at their wedding and both are tied up with dupatta which is hanged on grooms shoulders. NATAK RANG This is comedy play in which Sindhi bethak has shown, and the people of the area share their problems, issues and humor with each other. Bethak (otak) is an important part of Sindhi culture. HASAR-E-ISHQ Married women have been prominent in the sequential which is called Wadairan. According to Sindhi culture they use to wear gold jewelry and she oppressed on their lowers. According to their culture Wadairy gets first marriage in family and others from out of family.All these things are shown in this drama. MORNING SHOWS A cultur al week is celebrated on the morning show UTHO JAAGO PAKISTAN at HUM TV in which they focuses on the cultural traits of all the provinces of Pakistan. On the first day of the show they highlighted the cultural traits of Sindh. The set of the show is designed to highlight the culture of Sindh. Handicrafts like rallies, aplic work and mirror work hangings are dangled on the walls of the set. The host and guests were wearing Sindhi TOPI and AJRAK. The host of the program was speaking Sindhi language.Sindhi songs and music were also playing as background music. There were also stalls on the set in which the cook was making Sindhi cuisine. The motive is to highlight the culture and qualities of Sindhi people. AbidaPerveen is the guest of the program who is also an asset of Sufism in Sindhi culture. Different Sindhi Qalaams and folk songs also sang on the program by the guest. The overall culture is presented on that program. Maham Amir is hosting the very famous Sindhi Morning show progr am Salam Sindh on Sindh TV news. The instal is divided in to many interesting segments in which food and other segments features.Many of the Sindhi Celebs, actors, singer, actors and artist have been already invited in the Show in which they have discussed their life experiences etc. NaziaJaved is the famous host of the Sindhi morning show RoshanSubho. She is hosting this program for about a year. This program is although in Sindhi but this is famous in all the urban area of Pakistan. The show has featured many celebs actors, singers, politicians and people from different walks of life but most of them were Sindhi who were invited in the show. The target of consultation of the show is Sindhi people.Unlike other morning show uthojago Pakistan of geo, good morning Pakistan, SubahSaveraySamaaKeSaath with SanamBaloch, This show is low profile among the morning shows but it is liked and viewed by Sindhi people. TALK SHOWS AND discussion CHANNELS BNN Where Sindhi culture is seen in dra mas and songs, it also exhibits in a show Banana News Network. BNN is one of the most liking satire shows. Matku is a character in this show that interviews celebrities in a Sindhi get up. He wears long most aches and Sindhi topi. Although he dressed himself in suit but his accent and topi clearly exhibit the Sindhi culture.Matku does not imitate someone, he just represent himself as Sindhi in interviews. NEWS CHANNELS Sindhi cultural which was recently celebrated on 22nd march, 2012, have been broadcasted in news channels. Every year Sindhi cultural day is widely seen in news channels which report cultural shows, from every corner of the country. On this day we can see in news almost all the cultural shows being celebrated in educational institutes and exhibitions in the country. The news channels also play a part in promoting important cultural events and festivals of Sindh and make special packages and coverage to such events.COOKING SHOWS The culture of Sindh is also highlightin g on the cooking shows on specific episodes at MASALA TV and ARY ZAUQ. Their motive is to present the cuisine of Sindhi culture and the sets are designed in such a way that reflects Sindhi dresses and promote the culture. Such sort of program includes HANDI, emailprotected, TARKA and BILLO DA DHABA etc. SONGS Nowadays Sindhi language and Sindhi words are very much used in songs. For instance the song SAEEN TO SAEEN by ALI GUL PIR, in which he highlighted the feudal lords and the concept of feudalism in Sindh. Sindhi culture and dressing is shown in his song .Boys wearing shalwarkameez with ajrak and sindhitopi and girls wearing Sindhi embroidery dresses. His song TAARO MAARO is also consists of Sindhi words like MAARO which is used in Sindhi language for calling a person or wise man. ADVERTISMENTS This advertizement highlights Sindhi language. And the dresses of Sindhi culture like AJRAK. Through this advertisement the Sindhi culture also promotes. This advertisement promotes Sindh i language and dresses. Men wear AJRAKand Sindhi TOPI with SHALWAR KAMEEZ and women wear AJRAK they show people sitting on CHAARPAYIS which is fully covered with Sindhi RAILLI.Both advertisements broadcast on KTN, AWAAZ TV and SINDH NEWS. PAKISTANI SINDHI TV CHANNELS AWAZ TV Awaz TV is a Sindhi Language boob tube channel with headquarters based in Karachi, Pakistan. It was launched in 2009 and broadcasts entertainment and infotainment programs in Sindhi. Awaz TV is available via satellite on Asia Sat 3S as well as on cable operators all around the country. KASHISH TV KashishTelevisionNetwork (K TV) is the first privateSindhiMusicTV channel. This is the second channel of Kawish group. The channel was founded byAli Kaziwho is the owner of the most popular Sindhi newspaperDaily Kawish.Kashish is very popular amongSindhisby means of Sindhi music. KTN AND KTN NEWS - - Kawish Television Network (KTN)is the first privateSindhiTV channel ofPakistan. It is the most regarded private Sindhi- language channel based general entertainment television channel worldwide. The channel is part of the Kawish Television Networks bouquet of channels. - KTN was established in 2002 and started with 6 hours of transmission.It has now grown from a small regional-language channel to the leading Satellite Channel of Pakistan, broadcasting 24 hours a day to areas of South Asia, Middle and Far East Asia. It also started the first ever music channel in Sindhi language KASHISH TV, after that in October 2007KTN Newswas also aired, application news, current affair programs, talk show, documentaries and reports. KTN is a family channel with and major programming primarily consists of family dramas and other shows targeted to the entire family. KTN has shown for every member of the family with subjects like music, games, films etc.KTN also runs news bulletins every hour. KTN is amongst Pakistans top 3 cable channels and is in the league of other biggies like ARY and GEO TV. MEHRAN TV is the fi rstSindhi-language TV channel which is broadcasting fromHyderabad. MTN broadcasts variety of entertainment programs, music, dramas, news, and movies in the Sindhi Language. SINDH TV SindhTelevision(STV) is a leading private television channel ofSindhilanguage inSindh,Pakistan. Sindh TV is owned by dolphinfish Media House, which also owns another channel in Sindhi language called Sindh TV News SINDH TV NEWSSindh TV News channelcovers news and current affairs, airs 24 hours round the clock news and current affair programs. PROJECTION Basically all Sindhi channels have the motive to promote their culture and traditions and these channels are highly liked by the Sindhi people. They promote Sindhi language, Sindhi dresses, their martial rituals, custom and traditions. The policies of these channels are set to highlight and promote all the cultural traits of Sindh. Sindhi media groups have started to celebrate the day as Sindhi Cultural Day or Ekta day.The Sindhi language TV channels incl uding KTN, Sindh TV, Awaz TV and Mehran TV broadcast special programs on the culture of Sindh , besides these media outlets separately arrange the mega musical events, which also attract large audience to celebrate the Culture Day every year. REFERENCES http//pakistanthinktank. org/component/k2/item/714-pakistans-cultural-diversity-sindhi-culture-sindh-history 12 www. jhulelal. com http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=SbKvb9WR1KE http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=b0hWvct1FNE Sindhi Lada http//www. newgirlsdresses. com/summer-dresses/sindhi-embroidery-dresses. tm Website to purchase http//www. lmp. ucla. edu/Profile. aspx? LangID=201&menu=004http//www. sindh. gov. pk/dpt/history%20of%20sindh/culture. htm htt//pwww. dramasonline. com/jago-pakistan-jago-12th-february-2013-abida-parveen/ http//www. tvkahani. com/reviews-mera-saaein-2-ary-full-drama-review/ http//www. aiou. edu. pk/gmj/artical4. asp http//www. vidjin. com/ali-gul-pir-taroo-maroo. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/SindhArts _and_crafts http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Culture_of_SindhSindhi_Cultural_Day_. 28Ekta_Day. 29

Global Financing and Rate

Global Financing and Exchange govern Mechanisms Veronica L. Powell University of Phoenix MGT/448 Donald Joseph March 31, 2009 Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Currency is unreliable. In some countries the United States dollar is worth(predicate) more than that countries currency, while in different countries the U. S. dollar is worth less. The rallying consec assess fluctuates on a continuous base which makes the term funny money more realistic each day. The purpose of this makeup is to discuss hard and soft currency, the conspiracy Afri chamberpot rand, Cuban pesos, and why the deputise localises fluctuate.Hard currency is a currency, usually from a highly industrialized country, that is largely accepted globally as a form of brookment for goods and services (Investopedia, 2010). Hard currency is presumed to remain fairly abiding through a short period of time, and to be advantageously liquid in foreign exchange markets. Soft currency is a nonher name for we ak currency. The revalues of soft currencies fluctuate often, and other countries do not want to hold these currencies due to political or economic uncertainty within the country with the soft currency (Investopedia, 2010).Hard currency comes from a country that is politically and economically stable. The United States dollar and the British pound ar examples of hard currencies. Soft currencies tend to be prevalent in developing countries. Often, governments from developing countries get along unreasonably high exchange rates, pegging the currency of that country to a currency such as the United States dollar. South Africa had a fixed exchange rate for its currency until the latter part of the 1960s afterward, the South African rand was pegged against major foreign currency.The value of the rand followed changes in the balance of payments and moved roughly with sterling and other weaker currencies until 1985 (Country Data, 1996). The foreign debt crisis of 1985 prompted the rand to depreciate at a bewildering rate, thus it fell to a value that was less than US$0. 40. In 1987 the rand began to recover reaching US$0. 43 however the rand continued to decrease steadily, with minor differences, until declining to US$0. 26 in the latter part of 1995. The rand is a parallel currency that was exclusively used for nonresident capital movements during the 1980s and 1990s.The financial rand was available to foreigners for investment only in South Africa was formulated by the sale of nonresidents assets in the country (Country Data, 1996). The two-tiered currency governance insulated the countrys foreign reserves from politically stimulated capital flight, because all divestment by nonresidents were automatically met by new investment, and the price of the financial rand varied independently of the commercial rand (Country Data, 1996). Ultimately, South Africas economic growth depends upon increasing gold profits and foreign investments.The Cuban Pesos (CUP) is the official currency in Cuba. The American dollar is not accepted on government business in Cuba since November 2004. All of the stores that sold goods in American currency changed to the Cuban Convertible Pesos (CUC). Pesos convertibles represent the equivalent of $1. 18 United States Dollars (USD). In Cuba, currency is exchanged every day, and it is a known fact that the pesos are unstable. The Cuban Pesos is equivalent to 100 cents (centavos). The notes can be of the following denominations 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesos coins can be of 1, 5, and 20 centavos (Cuba Currency, 2005).The exchange to the Pesos convertible into United States Dollars are fixed, one to one equivalent of the $1 USD that was completed by the Central Bank of Cuba. National currencies are important to the way modern day economies function. The national currencies allow businesses to logically express the value of a good, service, or product globally. Exchange rates are needed because one countries currenc y is not always accepted in another country. An exchange rate is simply the cost of one form of currency in another form of currency (Grabianowski, 2004).For example, if 1 South African rand is exchanged for 80 Japanese yen, the consumer purchased a different form of currency to use in while in Japan. Many centuries ago, currencies of the world were covered by gold. A piece of paper currency was issued by any world government agency that represented a real amount of gold being held in a vault by that government agency (Grabianowski, 2004). In the 1930s, the U. S. set the value of the dollar at a single, unchanging level 1 ounce of gold was worth $35 (Grabianowski, 2004). Other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S. dollar after World War II. Since everyone knew how oftentimes gold a U. S. dollar was worth, then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in gold (Grabianowski, 2004). Currency worth twice as much gold as the U. S dollar was, subsequently, also worth two U. S. dollars (Grabianowski, 2004). The two main systems used to determine a currencys exchange rate are floating currency and pegged currency. The market determines a floating exchange rate. For instance, a currency is worth whatever buyers are allow foring to pay for it.This is determined by supply and demand, which is in turn driven by foreign investment, import/export ratios, inflation, and a host of other economic factors (Grabianowski, 2004). Primarily, countries with stable and mature economic markets use a floating system. Floating exchange rates are considered efficient because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces (Grabianowski, 2004). The floating system is not perfect, if a country economy suffers from instability a floating system will discourage investment (Grabianowski, 2004).To sum up, this paper discussed hard and soft currency, the South African rand, Cuban pesos, an d why the exchange rates fluctuate. Hard and soft currencies are both affected by the exchange rate which fluctuates on a daily basis. Though the notion of the USD not being accepted in Cuba seems unreasonable, it is the woof of Fidel Castro and is honored by American citizens. As countries continue to develop more currencies will become available and will also have the affects of the fluctuating exchange rate. References Country Data. (1996, May).South africa currency. Retrieved from http//www. country-data. com/cgi-bin/query/r-12162. html Cuba Currency. (2005). Cuban pesos. Retrieved from http//www. cubacurrency. com Grabianowski, E. (2004, February 06). How Exchange rates work. Retrieved from http//money. howstuffworks. com/exchange-rate. htm Investopedia. (2010). What does Soft currency imagine? Retrieved from http//www. investopedia. com/terms/s/softcurrency. asp Investopedia. (2010). What does Hard currency mean?. Retrieved from http//www. investopedia. com/terms/h/hardcurre ncy. asp

Family vs. Family

amongst the two short stories, lads blue by James Baldwin and Everyday Use by Alice Walker, they reveal similarities and disagreeences. Both stories are similar in the wideness of family ties and the way they facet family, nevertheless differ in sibling relations. In blokes blues, the siblings want to recreate their brotherly wedge again, but in Everyday Use at that place is no sign of healing the hole in the midst of Dee, Maggie, and Mama. First, we impart look at the importance of family ties mingled with both stories. In Everyday Use the characters get to strong connections with family ties and their heritage. Not Dee,Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo (280). Dee changing her summons to Wangero tells the reader that Dee believes by changing her name to a to a greater extent African name is confirming her African heritage. Having this new name, Wangero kills Dee, so theoretic all(prenominal)y by changing her name she is killing off her own family heritage. Similarly, in Sonn ys colour the two brothers have importance in family ties too. When the fabricators mother says, You got to hold on to your brother, she said, and dont let him fall, no matter what it looks deal is happening to him and no matter how evil you gets with him.You going to be evil with him many a time. except dont you forget what I told you, you hear? (264-265). The mother makes the narrator (brother) promise her to take care of Sonny no matter what. This shows us the unconditional love of the family, or family in general. All the mother wants is for Sonny to be taken care of and looked after when she can no longer look after him anymore. Also, from the article To the plentiful Water James Baldwins Sonnys Blues by McParland, Robert P. , he says Sonny has reached a point of breakthrough and he is giving his life back in music.Here Baldwin provides a beautifully lyrical passage suggesting generation and memory, as Sonny plays. Sonnys music restores to the narrator memory, community, and family. This here is a nonher reference towards family and family ties. Except this time it is through Sonnys new found talent, music. His music was so powerful, he abstractly injects his own family memories into the music and makes the narrator (brother) remember his mothers face and his father. From a nonher(prenominal) article called, In Spite of It All interlingual rendition of Alice Walkers Everyday Use. By Whitsitt, Sam, he states, When the flashy Dee finally does return, greeting her mother in Arabic and declaring that she no longer bears the name Dee, but the African name Wangero, and that Dee, Shes dead (29)its as if there is not even a tombstone to mark the presence of her absence. Her return seems less a return than a passing by she appears a curious remonstrateor who has momentarily stopped off a channel which began and ends elsewhere. I agree with what Whitsitt says about Dee. He says that because of her changing her name to Wangero, her return back home to v isit should not be called a return, but merely a passing by.By changing from Dee to Wangero, it is as if she has never existed in the first place. Another similarity I found is a bit complex, but in like manner relates to a sense of family. It occurs when Dee says, I couldnt bear it any longer, being named after the people who break down me. (280). This means that Dee feels she is being held back from her culture not being named manything more close to what her background is and that she is essentially being suppressed by the white man for having a name like Dee.Similarly, in Sonnys Blues the notion of being suppressed black antherals is also given to Sonny and his brother. It is portrayed by the description of the fathers brothers death. This car was full of white men. They was all drunk, and when they seen your fathers brother they let out a great whoop and holler and they aimed the car straight at him. They was having fun, they just wanted to scare him, the way they do so metimes, you know. But they was drunk. And I guess the boy, being drunk, too, and scared, diverseness of lost his head.By the time he jumped it was too late. (264). The mother interprets the position and situation of a black male when she tells us what the fathers attitude is after the death of the his brother, Till the day he died he werent sure but that every white man he saw was the man that killed his brother. (264). This exposes to us the suppressed fear and shame that was hidden inside of the father towards the whites. In the article James Baldwins Sonnys Blues Complicated and Simple by Murray, Donald C. he says His brother responds deeply to Sonnys music because he knows that he is with his black brothers and is watching his own brother, grinning and soaking wet. This further proves that the aspect of family can be seen differently. By looking at it as heritage, the author explains that the narrator of Sonnys Blues is greatly affected by the music Sonny plays because he feels at home now, or with his black brothers as he de bloods it. One difference between the stories is that in Walkers Everyday Use, the kin among siblings nearly dominates the story because it is shown is several places.For example, How long ago was it that the other house burned? Ten, twelve age? Sometimes I can still hear the flames and feel Maggies arms sticking to me, her hair consume and her dress falling off her in little black papery flakes. Her eyes seemed stretched open, blazed open by the flames reflected in them. And Dee. I see her standing off under the sweet gum tree she utilise to dig gum out of a look of concentration on her face as she watched the shoemakers last dingy gray board of the house fall in toward the red-hot brick chimney. Why dont you do a dance around the ashes?Id wanted to ask her. She had hated the house that much. (279). We can deduce from this that there was some tension going on between the Dee, Maggie, and the mother. The fact that Dee was standing alone to the side, it tells us that there was some tension or hatred going on between Dee, Maggie, and mother. In addition, it is also important to note the fact that Dee being well educated contributes to her thinking she is better than Maggie or mother. Now, compared to Sonnys Blues, Sonny and the narrator are extremely different.We do not feel any tension or hate happening, but a sense of recovery. For example, when the narrator says, The seven years difference in our ages lay between us like a chasm I wondered if these years would ever operate between us as a bridge. I was remembering, and it made it hard to catch my breath, that I had been there when he was born and I had heard the first lyric poem he had ever spoken. When he started to walk, he walked from our mother straight to me. I caught him just before he fell when he took the first steps he ever took in this world. (259). This insinuates that Sonnys brother wants to mend the opening that has developed in their relationship with one another and attempt to get closer to Sonny. In the article Alice Walkers Everyday Use by Nancy Tuten, she states It is not surprising, then, that Mama, mistrustful of language expresses herself in the climactic scene of the story not through words but through deeds she HUGS Maggie to her, DRAGS her in the room where Dee sits holding the quilts, SNATCHES the quilts from Dee, and DUMPS them into Maggies lap.Only as an reconsideration does she speak at all, telling Dee to take one or two of the others. Mamas actions, not her words, silence the daughter who has, up to this point, used language to control others and separate herself from the community Mama tells us that Dee turns and leaves the room without a word. This quote depicts an image of tension and anger because Mama is not victimization her words to express her anger, but instead through actions. We can clearly see now that there is indeed a rift between Dee and the rest of her family, but Dee is not wil ling to mend the wounds in their relationship.Despite the differences in sibling/family relations brought up in James Baldwins Sonnys Blues and Alice Walkers Everyday Use, they have the same view on family ties and the way they view family. Every family is different regardless of race, ethnicity, or what have you. Every individual is different and the same in their own ways. That is why the contrast between two loving brothers and two conflicting sisters and mother will all have their differences and similarities. Some characteristics will just be more dominant, but you both will share the good times and hard times.

Hallstead Jewelers Essay

Hallstead Jewelers was one of the largest jewellery and founder stores in the United States for 83 grades. Customers came from throughout the region to buy from extensive collections in each department. Any gift from Hallsteads had an extra cache attached to it as they were known for having the best. Even though the principal sell shopping areas shifted two blocks west, Hallsteads reputation and selection still brought in customers. In 1999 however, sales became laze and profits were starting to slip. The owners (two sisters, Gretchen and Michaela) made several changes in an effort to revitalize the store back to its large glory. The largest decision they made was to move the stores location, expanding it by 50% more space and selling staff. This move resulted in a five-year lease as well as extensive and expensive renovations.They also made almost changes in product offerings and offered more sales potential at the cost of minor reductions in margins. During the year it took t o complete the Hallsteads renovation the industry started showing major changes toward internet based jewellery sales. Tiffany & Company, a railway line with an origin much like Hallstead Jewelers, grew into an international powerhouse. At the same time, a start-up internet seller, ghastly Nile, became the second largest diamond seller in the U.S. While Hallsteads was growing their fixed costs by doubling their rent payments, Tiffany and Blue Nile were increasing their revenue with virtual storefronts allowing them to increase sales with very fine increase in expense. In an effort to explore ideas in strategy that would return the business to profitability, the sisters compiled about questions for their accountant to analyze using some additional operating statistics.2.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CASEInherited business tradition. changing in management style.Reduce in sales and profit from year 2003 2004.In 2004, moving stores location, expanding it by 50% more space and sellingstaf f. Greater loss in year 2006.Changing in market demand and growing of new competitors.3.0 CASE SOLUTIONS & ANALYSISQuestion 1 How has the breakeven smudge in number of sales tickets (number of customer orders written) and breakeven in sales dollars changed from 2003, to 2004, and to 2006? Haw has the margin of safety changed? What caused the changes? The heart and soul variable and fixed costs have been categorised in the following income statement of Hallstead Jewelers Hallstead Jewelers

Changes in Politics Dbq

Kailas Samaha APUSH Kirts 7 October 25, 12 Changes In Politics The United States of the States is a country known primarily for being founded upon the principles of tinctity, and liberty. An aspiration the nation has always been centered upon is creating an equal basis for each individual inhabiting the United States. The nation has always taken a great gumption of pride in the voting system it possesses, but unfortunately there was a time when this exalt system was not available to the creation.After the war of 1812 came to an end the public began to discuss the topic of voting heavily. The some significant kinds in participation in both policy-making campaigns and elections in the United States took place wrong the years of 1815 to 1840 and this was because of a outstanding change in activism, as well as a dramatic affix in the level of candidature. Within the years of 1815 and 140, semipolitical activism grew immensely in spite of appearance the United States.Although compared to confront day, the amount of voters is comparable to nothing, for the time period having almost 27 percent of the inhabitants of the United States able to vote, was land breaking. 25 years later the amount of individuals that were entitled to voting rights increased over 50 percent, divergence the grand total at 80 percent of inhabitants were entitled to vote. (Doc. A) An outcome of a grand increase of voters, was a grand increase of political views and sentiments regarding not one, but m both different issues within the political realm of the nation.Although most individuals whom were granted the right to vote saw it is as extremely positive change in whole aspects, there were few who viewed the concept of voting as a chaotic concept, they tell the tendency of universal suffrage is to jeopardize the rights of property and the principals of liberty (Doc. B) This retell states that everyone having the right to vote, puts the rights people overhear to their individu al property in jeopardy, as well as the basic principals of liberty the nation is founded upon.Some on the other hand, were opposed to the idea of voting as a nation because they believed it opened a threshold to catastrophe due to the immense amount of conflicting viewpoints. Although, the people that had the mentality of creating fiasco were few and furthest between, most thought, Political combinations between the inhabitants of different states are unavoidable (Doc. C) This quote reinforces the idea that the combination of political outlooks was unavoidable, especially outside of ones home state.Opposing viewpoints turn out to be rare within individuals from the same regions, whereas contrasting notions proved to be mostly within the North of the nation, and the South. By individuals being granted the privilege to vote, they did not altogether gain a ballot, but they gained a voice in their countries, which gave them a ascertaining of belonging and importance. given(p) th is voice was stated By the authority of that political liberty which has been promised to us equally with our fellow men, solemnly publish and declare that we are, & of right ought to be, entitled to equal means to obtain equal moral happiness, (Doc.E) This quote entails that with the right to a political voice comes the basic right to the pursuit of happiness, distributed equally within all people. Regardless of the common celebration that came hand in hand with the right to vote, came overly the inevitable shock absorber that a large amount of political disagreements had on voting. Inevitably, approximately have of the United States were in unison with one candidate, and half with the other. A firm supporter of mister John Quincy Adams stated When I first arrived in the States Mr.John Quincy Adams was president, and it was impossible to doubt, even from the statement of his enemies, that he was every way calculated to do honor to the office. (Doc. F) This quote shows one of t he many strong political views that were displayed within the United States in regard the presidential candidates. Although at the time the large quantity of controversy seemed like a negative thing, it played a massive role in the way political candidates campaigned, therefor an entirely new era of campaigning was sprung upon the nation.Within the years of 1815 and 1840, much specifically halfway between both, revolutionary and drastic forms of campaigning became common within political campaigns. Candidates were familiar with the idea of identifying with the peoples, a word frequently used to establish somewhat more of an intimate connection (Doc D. ) This word was used not only to establish an intimate connection, but also to establish a sense of trust and support.Another way candidates would identify with the voters would be to be depicted doing things that any common man would enjoy doing. An example of this is portrayed when candidate Harrison is shown standing alongside a d rum of hard cider, a common drink amongst the population of the United States. Harrison states that he is bringing a feel of hospitality to the country as depicted in the advertisement. (Doc. I) This advertisement portrays Harrison as one with the middle curriculum , which was an important tactic brought fourth in the era of 1815-1840.Another key element in the uproar of campaigning and voting was the increase of media coverage relating to the elections. In the year of 1810 the idea of press covering political America was rare, but by the year 1835 the amount of newspapers that did such had tripled in quantity. The reason media coverage proved itself to be so important was because it was extremely authoritative in the eyes of the general public, seeing as it gave them inside views to knowledge of the national problems at hand.The participation that was shown by not only candidates, but the general public in both campaigns and voting within the years 1815 to 1840 proved to be revol utionary and extremely influential in the turn out of the United States. The monumental rise in the participation of the people in political standpoints layed down the base for the idea of liberty within the nation the idea that every extremity of the country was entitled to their own beliefs, and entitled to portraying them publically. The ideologies established within the 1815 to 1840 era changed the modern earth significantly due to activism in the general public.

Manager Role in Implementing Change

Manager power in Implementing Change Nicole Paschel University of Phoenix HCS/ 475 Ashley Tennessee December 17, 2010 Manager Role in Implementing Change There argon successful ways to implement substitutes in many different organization and all employees requisite to fancy how the sorts will benefit them and how it will affect their work daily. Managers within an organization that are seeking change need to bring the idea to their employees or management team to receive etiquette feedback. In this paper I will discuss Managers role and responsibility how manager successfully handle change.Managers enjoy that any miscellanea of changes whether it is tonic ideas, new technology or new programs can create concerns and in most cases resistance. Employees bring on many of their own reason for resisting changes within the organization. A good reason could be that many employees turn over upon accustomed to the companies way of doing things and management come in with new approa ches. These new approaches are expected to fall in line with the employees but this does cause the wall of resistance and this wall can become strong.Many employees advert forward to changes benefiting them in ways so it is important that management empower people to agree and dupe changes in ways that would works for them as employee. Mangers will never face a situation where on that point are no problems with bringing in changes. When implanting these changes management need to understand why these changes are necessary, what need to be change and if there are any blocks to enable the changes, close changes are not overnight so management needs to involve their selves in monitoring the changes making sure the changes works.Some are affright by change and many can adapt to it these token of personalities are know as type A and type B personalities. Managers alike need to be respectful to the employees while adjusting to the change and as well as the employees need to do the same with management. Employees need to alike realize that management feed a little more of a harder job and that is to make sure the changes is doing what it needs to do in benefiting the company and is the change benefiting their employees and keeping them happy or at least content.Every responds to change differently, so mangers and graduate(prenominal) staff needs to try to introduce these changes slowly so that it is not such a shock. around employees would like to rescue a message ab stunned change from two people with authority, CEO or their immediate supervisor. Without those people of authority relaying the most descriptive message about the change this can fix into two reasons for employee resistance, lack of awareness about the change and they are comfortable with the way things are and awe of the unknown. During the change mangers need to understand their employees concerns during this time.There are key phases for managing employees during change Awareness of t he need to change, Desire to figure and support thechange, Knowledge of how to change (and what the change looks like), Ability to implement the change on a daily basis, and Reinforcement to keep the change in place. Organization need to know that employees will proceed through with(predicate) the phase or change at different rate of speed (Garrison Wynn,2005. There are also six personal or professional phases that many employees go through when change is brought about.Employees may not go through the phase change in order. The six phases are 1. Anticipation. The waiting stage. They really dont know what to expect so they wait, anticipating what the future holds. 2. Confrontation. People begin to confront reality. Realizing that change is really going to pass by or is happening. 3. Realization. Post change Realizing that nothing is ever going to be as it once was. 4. Depression. very much a necessary step in the change process. This is the stage where a person mourns the past . 5. Acceptance of the change emotionally.Although they may still have reservations, they are not fighting the change at this stage. They may as yet see some of the benefits even if they are not altogether convinced. 6. Enlightenment. In Phase 6, people completely accept the new change. In fact, many wonder how they ever managed the old way. Overall, they feel good about the change and accept it as the status quo from here forward. (Garrison Wynn,2005) With these different phases that is why it is hard to tell or determine how long changes will relieve mavenself to implement.If employees were not aware that any changes were required then chemical reaction of employee may be, why change if change is not working or that the change was a mishandle of time. Mangers should be ready for the resistance to any change, prepare for it, and make special efforts to assess and deal with mavin-on-one reactions to change. A manager or a person in leadership mustiness develop a proper atti tude toward the resistance of change that their employee may have. Looking at the thoughts that many may have and carefully listen to their concerns is something that managers must do to help with the resistance of the change.Engaging many with the change should be make after fully understanding the concerns of others. The best way to minimize resistance to change is to involve those who is responsible for the change and those who are affected by it. Consulting employees from the areas affected first hand and not leaving in the dark is another method of handling resistance. With involving those who are affected a test run of the new changes could help iron out the problem areas, get feedback on what is working well and find out how to improve the on the change to make it affective.In conclusion key to monitoring change effectively is to taking into custody in touch with the people. Ask your employees questions and demonstrate concerns for their well being and committing to whatev er is necessary to make the changes work. Most people feel comfortable with changes. The support of the managers and allowing the people to adjust to the change is greatly needed it is also another way to let the people know the concern you may have for their well being. Managers must keep in mind that support from one another and allowing enough time and flexibility for the changes to take place is good leadership.No change takes place over night but with the help of every one pulling together it could make the changes a positive and an effective situation. It is best for everybody to be on one page and support one another. Reference Garrison Wynn. (2005). Change Management. Retrieved from http//managingchange. biz/manage_change_resistance. html Terez, Tom. (1990). Industrial Management. Retrieved from http//www. thefreelibrary. com/A+managers+guidelines+for+implementing+successful+operational -a08851664 (2008). The managers Role in Leading Change. Retrieved from http//www. healths cotland. com/uploads/documents/8308-LessonsInChangePart2. pdf

Luxury Market in China Essay

chinaw atomic number 18 is positi unityd to become the worlds Brobdingnagianst sumptuosity grocery store in fiver eld and a study by Datamonitor reported mainland chinaw ars sumptuosity goods market was worth(predicate) $9. 4billion by the end of 2009, which accounted for 27. 5% of the worlds luxuriousness goods market. 1 They also predict that by 2015, Chinas market leave al iodin be judged at $14. 6billion. The main driver of this growth in the luxury gods market is the extreme wealth creation that China has experiences in the past ten years as its GDP has grown 10% annually on average, which is three times more than the globose GDP.Investment Week quotes a recent World Wealth Report by Merrill Lynch hoodlum Gemini stating that t present argon 477,000 Chinese millionaires and China is also leading the world with the number of billionaires (Investment week. 2) The gang of the staggering growth of the Chinese economy creating such groovy private wealth and the politi cal and hearty evolution China has gone through over the last 30 years has arrive atd a tidal wave of opportunity for luxury retailers.Politically, China has gone through many changes over the last thirty years that has primed the economy and citizens for a surge in individualism and the pride in the index to expend and purchase luxury goods. In 1976 Mao Zedong passed away and in 1979 the unrivalled Child form _or_ system of government was introduced and applied by Chinas new leader, Deng Xiaoping. Chinas population was growing at an alarming rate and in order to curb this growth rate, Chinese were limited to having one minor per household.Fast-forward thirty years and these completely children, who decl ar been raised by 6 pargonnts, has created a little emperor neverthelessterfly mentality where their every desire it met, and is recently being satiated by Western goods. They at once read purchasing personnel and they be spending it on high priced goods. The choices and options available today are a stark contrast to the limitations their parents experienced thirty years prior in a vastly several(predicate) political time. Socially, China has always been a country deeply embedded in traditions such as gift giving, saving face and the respect for the stratified society.These traditions all stem from guanxi, the all-important notion of relationships, which is what drives agate line and social condition. The finale of relationships is paramount for being successful in China so the combination of kettle of fish wealth and the traditions all surrounding Guanxi has attri thoed to the exponential growth of the luxury market in China. Although the Chinese bring forth been known to be a culture of saving, the tides welcome shifted and the 20-30 somethings abide created a society of unjustified spending due to extravagant purchases to support their new tastes as well as these traditions.The new cover of buyers are upstart and are embracing th eir freedom to purchase in their capitalistic society, which is a cold cry from their parents socialist upbringing. Therefore both social and political changes lease created this perfect storm of excess, which is fueling the luxury good market in China and for many years to come. Mao Zedong, the leader of China from 1949 until his death in 1976 is still regarded as a controversial figure but his rule and communist policies molded the beliefs of many parents and grandparents living in China today. Under Maos rule there was no individualism and consumption was controlled.Mao is regarded as a great leader in China as he is thought to down laid the groundwork for China neat the great power that it is today as a result of his leadership of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. era he did create the building blocks for present day China, he has been compared to communist leaders like Hitler and Stalin. He urged citizens to reject capitalism and plain at one point propose d the Socialist Education Movement (SEM) in an attempt to educate the peasants to resist the temptations of feudalism and the sprouts of capitalism that he saw re-emerging in the countryside.3 The citizens living in these times are now parents and fleck their lifestyles are very conservative, they are raising children in a very several(predicate) political environment. Their children didnt have a communist ruler and therefore have different views on modesty and consumption. While there is still a strict focus on studying and discipline, the focus on success and covering that you are successful has been morphed into an obsession with Western brands showing pride in ones accomplishments.Even as young children the Western culture is sort of alluring, with children asking to be rewarded for good grades by going to McDonalds as we were told by one of the speakers. Today in China, people are who they cod. Even as Nicole from LVMH mentioned, the Chinese are obsessed with showing that they are wearing designer brands that you will see some wearing clothes and sunglasses with the tags still on them to show who the designer is. These nouveau riche are the products of parents who didnt have any choices and now they are embarrassing their freedom to chose.Forbes reported the average Chinese luxury consumer will spend roughly 11% of her income on luxury handbags along. 4 They also go on to say that these consumers are highly educated and highly motivated to identify products that will complement his or her individuality and rising power. 4 Parents of these kids werent allowed to have individuality, but now their children are not only wanting it but also seeking it with huge spending power. Spending 11% of your income on a luxury bag shows the emotional and mental bond to these luxury items.In the US simply to train for a loan for a mortgage, your total debt cant be more than 45% of your income. To take that a quarter of that goes towards handbags alone not even incl uded believably purchases like luxury cars, wines etc makes me hypothesize if this type of spending is going to be sustainable for the Chinese market. In China, there were many refined cars, but I didnt cerebrate that perhaps these people are driving cars they cant afford. I am used to the United States where living on credit is a way of life, but this takes it to a whole new level.The millionaires are able to afford this, but if a middle air division person is spending such a high percentage of her income on something like handbags, its going to create an economy where nobody can afford to buy a house and retirement is never attainable. One of the Bentley students that sat with us at lunch mentioned that she wanted to buy a house but that she couldnt without her parents financial support due to the 50%-70% down payment required.She and most young people are lucky that their parents have saved and will be able to stand by them, but for those in the younger generation who arent saving wont be able to help their kids and there might be a whole future generation who can never afford to own property. These younger generations parents grew up in a communist and socialist society, where there isnt the readiness to care about status, but status and luxury has now become the currency in China. The millionaires in China are younger with an average age of 39.5 These young millionaires enjoy showing their status with delicate things from great bottles of wine, cars to handbags. They are achieving success and are sounding to reward themselves with nice things, which also shows status among their peers. A report on the watch market, mentioned that men lack a watch of a certain bore to be ace out of the social circle. 6 The need to show status and create a sense of belong in a social group has become so apparent that retailers are taking greenback and even creating products specifically for the Chinese buyer.Mercedes Benz is even making a car with a longer whee lbase for the Chinese tidy suminessmen who are chauffeured around and need to have more room in the back which is a big difference from the rest of the world where carmakers are creating smaller cars that consume less energy and are more economical. 7 The retailers and manufacturers of world are taking note that the new Chinese buyer is very different from their parents given all of the political changes of the past fewer decades.While the political changes are one constituent in the shift of buying trends, policy has also been a great factor and one specifically is the One Child Policy, which was introduced in 1979. This policy has created what many call, the Little Emperor society as a result of one child being raised by 6 parents (on immediate and two sets of grandparents. ) These children have grown up being catered to and supported by six people and now their wants and needs are changing, as they ca-ca older.Where as their parents likely gave them the best they could afford , these 20 and 30 somethings are becoming obsessed with Western brands, which cost a premium. Even with a 30% import tax, individuals who grew up getting what they wanted are buying these Western luxury brands, at times spending their entire months profit on a handbag. Although their parents had a culture of saving, this new generation tastes for highly taxed Western goods to show status has greatly changed this cultural norm.For this generation to keep up with their friend, they have forgone the notion of saving in renewal of a life full of luxury goods with no savings. I spoke to Mico about this on the bus and she mentioned that her friends spend all of their money on luxury goods and theres now a saw in Chinese that means that you spend all of your money that you make that month. She mentioned that buying fakes is a imitation pas and that they only buy the real things, which is what leads to them spending all of their money. She noted that this was very different from the upb ringing of her parents who were brought up saving almost 40% of their money.In the popular market that we went to in Shanghai, there were almost no Chinese in there and when we asked Mico if she went to the market to get knockoffs, she said that knockoffs were so three years ago. It quickly became apparent why That is there where Chinese people in the markets they are in the real stores buying the real thing. In the streets it was quite apparent that everyone had designer bags and clothing on, but this was mainly in Shanghai, capital of Red China and Hangzhou. In Xian there was still a feeling of communism, everything was still grey and there werent many people sporting their designer clothes.The opportunity right now is in the 1s tier cities and many retailers are trying to expand to the second and 3rd tier cities. The opportunity in China stringently based on the enormous populations in these cities. The first focus for the retailers were the tier 1 cities and now the 2nd and 3 rd tier cities will be paramount for companies to sustain this continued growth. While political changes have made way for the change in buying and spending trends of young Chinese buyers, tradition has maintain an important part of the culture across all generations of Chinese and the luxury market surge has been fuel by these traditions.Guanxi, the focus on relationships as part of the Chinese culture has many components, one of which is the value of gift giving as a sign of respect. Gift giving is a huge part of Chinese culture, most prominent around the Chinese New Year, but a very large part of life socially and professionally year round. According to the authors of the book The Cult of the Luxury Brand, quanxiis the single biggest factor spurring the growth of luxe in China. 8 When you give a gift to someone in China, it means you are thanking him or her for helping you but also solidifies your guanxi with them and continues the future relationship.Luxury items are now raisin g the bar in gift giving as recipients truly appreciate the luxury gifts and merchants have reported frantic levels of spending 8 all at once by shoppers who are looking to purchase gifts for their business partners and friends. The culture of saving face plays into this as well since the more luxurious the gift, the better. If you are looking to show great gratitude and save face then you will purchase a luxury item as a gift.In business face is extremely important so even Western brands are also learning this culture of gift giving, as they know the importance of partners in their business so they are making sure to take care of them by giving great gifts. In addition to the culture of gift giving that has fueled the luxury market growth, the culture of hierarchal respect has also attributed to this. Many Chinese of the younger generation believe that luxury products mark where you have traveled up to but they also give you permission to continue succeeding.9 In a culture where yo u are competing with so many people and success is so important, its easy to see how luxury products represent achieving a certain social status and also denotes the fact that you will stay in that status. As Nicole from LVMH was speaking to us she noted that there are usually 40-50 students in each classroom. Students from an earlyish age learn to be one in a large crowd, but as they get older and look to prove to the world what they have accomplished, and they use designer goods to reflect their status.The irony of this is that one would think that after growing up being one in a crowd, one would think that they would want to show status and individuality, but the items they purchase to show their status is exactly what their peers have chosen, which is likely a Louis Vuitton handbag. For instance, although it was quite conducive to the weather, when we were in China, every single person had Ugg boots on. In the US while Ugg is a popular brand, there are many more brands being wo rn, as there are many more tastes expressed by individuals.It was very interesting to see that there was a proliferation of a small number of brands, namely Louis Vuitton, as I came to quickly realize that the Chinese want to wear brands that are recognizable. While they are moving towards a more individualistic society, their tendency to be one of a group is still quite prominent. They do value the luxury brands to show status, but their need to be part of a group, albeit a high status group, is still quite unmistakable in the sea of Gucci and Louis Vuitton purses that were worn like a badge of honor by the women of China.The trip to China was quite eye-opening form the perspective of a Westerner who is used to a more modest lifestyle with an abundance of variety. The flashy cars and purses were immediately apparent from Beijing through Shanghai, but as I sit here thinking about the political and social changes that China has gone through in the past few decades, I only with I was smart enough to somehow capitalize on this. China is a fascinating country to visit given its great history and culture that is evident today, but its also great to have visited a country that is still going through many changes and evolving at such a rapid rate.While the rest of the world is clearly evolving, China is doing so at an exponentially quicker rate than most and that was quite clear with the sea of cranes in every city putting up buildings everywhere. I do believe that culture will always be a part of the Chinese people and lifestyle, but it will be interesting to see when this locomotive of luxury obsession begins to ebb or if China will meet its own credit crunch in the coming years given the drastic change in spending habits that the younger generations have adopted.1 Chinese appetite for premium products growing despite slowing economic activity. Datamonitor July 20010, English ed. 16. Print. 2 Andrea Gerst and sea squill Huang Sun, Chinas passion for luxury goo ds increases, Investment Week, September 6, 2010. 3 Cultural China,http//history. cultural-china. com/en/46H9449H13452. html 4 Evelyn Rusli, What Chinese Shoppers Want, Forbes, March 8, 2010. 5 Andrea Gerst and Scilla Huang Sun, Chinas passion for luxury goods increases, Investment Week, September 6, 2010.6 Florent Bondoux, Luxury watches find booming market in China, Media, September 10, 2009, 17. 7 Lengthened Mercedes-Benz E-Class to hit Chinese shores http//www. benzinsider. com/2010/04/lengthened-mercedes-benz-e-class-to-hit-chinese-shores/ 8 China Luxury, http//app1. hkicpa. org. hk/APLUS/0710/p24_29. pdf 9 Is Chinas Luxury Goods securities industry a Pot of Gold for Marketers? Knowledge at Wharton, assessed July 27, 2007, http//english. cri. cn/2946/2007/07/27/199254317. htm.